Digital systems are based on logic gates and microprocessors and are recognized for their speed and reliability. They have transformed many sectors including computing, communication and data processing. They are utilized in the development of powerful computers, fast communication networks, and digital media devices. Engineers employ hardware description languages (HDLs) such as Verilog and VHDL to design digital systems and construct them using field-programmable gate arrays or specifically designed integrated circuits for specific applications.
Digital signals, unlike continuous physical processes (binary numbers 0, 1, and 2) are represented using discrete values. This allows for greater accuracy in the transmission and processing of information and also a simpler detection and correction of errors. Digital systems are also less vulnerable to noise and interference than analog systems.
Scalability is one of the key features of digital systems. They can easily be adapted to different requirements, and expanded as needed. This flexibility is crucial for industries that operate on strict compliance and safety protocols and is also an extremely effective tool for businesses looking to save time and money.
A digital system converts analog signals into digital ones by sampling them at of fs times per second and then encoding these samples into a bitstream. The amount of bits that can be encoded within a certain bandwidth depends on the modulation method and can vary from amplitude or frequency modulation to pulse code modulation. The bit rate can be increased further by using an DAC. This transforms the binary stream into an analog output waveform.